Within the context of audio -- and video game music in particular—a game rip (also gamerip) is the result of taking the audio from a computer/video game and storing it in a format that is more accessible for listening (often digital files such as MP3s). This is often performed to obtain music that is not available on a soundtrack. There are two major methods of obtaining, or "ripping", audio from a game: digital extraction, and recording.
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Many times, a game's audio is stored in a proprietary or otherwise uncommon format. In order to extract the audio, manipulation of the game's audio files must occur. The amount of effort needed to perform the extraction and the particular steps needed to do so depend on the type of format (and in the case of music, whether it is digital or sequenced). While this type of rip avoids having to be converted to an analog signal, it is up to the emulation/extraction software used and ripper's skill to ensure that the end result is a perfect copy. As such, this type of rip is usually classified further to elaborate on how it was performed. A digital extraction often crosses over into the creation of game audio formats.
Some computer games have audio stored in files that are already of common, listenable format (such as OGG, MP3, etc.). In this case, all the ripper has to do is copy the files to a desired location and possibly rename/tag them as necessary.
Some games include their resources in packed files. Programs exist that can search these files and extract graphics and audio files from them.
Some games on CD-ROM format include Red Book audio (the widely-used CD audio standard), and thus these tracks can be digitally extracted. However, due to the ubiquity of Red Book as a listenable format, this type of extraction is generally not referred to as a "game rip". Instead it is just referred to as "Red Book Audio" or "Redbook".
A common type of recording is the line-in recording, which feeds the audio signal from the game system to the recording device via an audio cable. For example, one may record from a game console onto a personal computer this way (assuming an audio card/chipset and recording software is available). The person recording must ensure that proper volume levels and other preparations, such as disabling all sound effects (if possible), are put into effect before recording. Then, after recording, that person will need to edit the recorded audio to have proper starting and ending points, as well as other things.
If the game outputs digital signals directly to the recording device, such as a computer game producing sound on a personal computer where the recording is also being done, the audio can be recorded without any analog conversion. Once this is done, the file must be edited and such, just as with a line-in recording. This is different from a digital extraction in that there is no manipulation of game's audio files involved. However, the line can be blurred in some instances, such as when recording from an emulator.